One of the great challenges of modern society is to find ways that make it possible to apply technological innovations and encourage the economic expansion of cities while at the same time offering a reduction in environmental impact. In this context, the concept of Smart Cities considers that technologies will be the way to build a sustainable economy and a city able to provide quality of life for its inhabitants. Given this fact and complexity inherent in the themes Smart Cities, economy and environment arise the need for studies for its better understanding. So, below I list a set of articles that deal with Smart Cities and sustainability.
The work of [1] in our age cities are complex systems and we can say systems of systems. Today locality is the result of using information and communication technologies in all departments of our life, but in future all cities must to use smart systems for improve quality of life and on the other hand for sustainable development. The smart systems make daily activities more easily, efficiently and represent a real support for sustainable city development. This paper analysis the sustainable development and identified the key elements of future smart cities.
The search for [2] nowadays, the large and small districts are proposing a new city model, called “the smart city”, which represents a community of average technology size, interconnected and sustainable, comfortable, attractive and secure. The landscape requirements and the solutions to local problems are the critical factors. The cities consume 75% of worldwide energy production and generate 80% of CO2 emissions. Thus, a sustainable urban model, “the smart city”, is sustained by the European Commission. In this paper, a model for computing “the smart city” indices is proposed. The chosen indicators are not homogeneous, and contain high amount of information. The paper deals with the computation of assigned weights for the considered indicators. The proposed approach uses a procedure based on fuzzy logic and defines a model that allows us to estimate “the smart city”, in order to access European funding. The proposed innovative system results in a more extended comprehension and simple use. Thus, the model could help in policy making process as starting point of discussion between stakeholders, as well as citizens in final decision of adoption measures and best evaluated options.
[3] Contemporary debate is increasingly focused on ICT and sustainability, especially in relation to the modern configuration of urban and metropolitan areas in the so-called smartization process. The purpose of this paper is to observe the connections between smart city features as conceptualized in the framework proposed by Giffinger et al. (2007) and new technologies as tools, and sustainability as the goal.The connections are identified through a content analysis performed using NVivo on official reports issued by organizations, known as industry players within smart city projects, listed in the Navigant Research Report 2013. The results frame ICT and sustainability as “across-the-board elements” because they connect with all of the services provided to communities in a smart city and play a key role in smart city planning. Specifically, sustainability and ICT can be seen as tools to enable the smartization process. An all-in-one perspective emerges by embedding sustainability and ICT in smart interventions; further research could be conduct through direct interviews to city managers and industry players in order to understand their attitude towards the development of smart city projects. Potential approaches emerging from this research are useful to city managers or large corporations partnering with local agencies in order to increase the opportunities for the long-term success of smart projects. The results of this paper delineate a new research path looking at the development of new models that integrate drivers, ICT, and sustainability in an all-in-one perspective and new indicators for the evaluation of the interventions.
Lastly [4] City assessment tools can be used as support for decision making in urban development as they provide assessment methodologies for cities to show the progress towards defined targets. In the 21st century, there has been a shift from sustainability assessment to smart city goals. We analyze 16 sets of city assessment frameworks (eight smart city and eight urban sustainability assessment frameworks) comprising 958 indicators altogether by dividing the indicators under three impact categories and 12 sectors. The following main observations derive from the analyses: as expected, there is a much stronger focus on modern technologies and “smartness” in the smart city frameworks compared to urban sustainability frameworks. Another observation is that as urban sustainability frameworks contain a large number of indicators measuring environmental sustainability, smart city frameworks lack environmental indicators while highlighting social and economic aspects. A general goal of smart cities is to improve sustainability with help of technologies. Thus, we recommend the use of a more accurate term “smart sustainable cities” instead of smart cities. However, the current large gap between smart city and sustainable city frameworks suggest that there is a need for developing smart city frameworks further or re-defining the smart city concept. We recommend that the assessment of smart city performance should not only use output indicators that measure the efficiency of deployment of smart solutions but also impact indicators that measure the contribution towards the ultimate goals such as environmental, economic or social sustainability.
Referências
[1] BATAGAN,Lorena.Smart cities and sustainability models. Informatica Economica, v. 15, n. 3, p. 80-87, 2011.
[2] Lazaroiu, George Cristian, and Mariacristina Roscia. Definition metho-dology for the smart cities model.Energy 47.1 (2012): 326-332.
[3] Bifulco, Francesco, et al. ICT and sustainability in smart cities manage-ment.International Journal of Public Sector Management 29.2 (2016):132-147.
[4] Ahvenniemi, Hannele, et al. ”What are the differences between sustainable and smart cities?.”Cities 60 (2017): 234-245.
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